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This Day in History

May 17, 2004
First Gay Marriage in U.S.

Last week President Barack Obama came out in favor of gay marriage so it is important to note that only eight years ago this week the first same-sex marriage in the United States took place in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

May 18, 1896
Ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson

In 1896 the Supreme Court struck a major blow against integration, ruling that the Louisiana law that provided “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races” on railroad cars was constitutional. The ruling provided that long as equal accommodations were provided, segregation was not discrimination. The case was eventually used to justify segregating all public facilities, including railroad cars, restaurants, hospitals, and schools. Not until 1954 with Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was Plessy v. Ferguson struck down.

 

Election Day: An American Holiday, An American History

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This section began as a celebration of March and Women’s History Month; it continues as a regular feature because there are so many unrecognized women who have made major contributions to history.


Women Inventors

If asked to name a woman inventor, could you?  They are out there but male inventors have dominated for years.  Until about 1840, only about 20 patents were issued to women.  One speculation as to why so few women received patents has to do with women’s legal status in the 19th century.   Because they had few legal rights, they would not stand to gain from the sale of any patent; those who did have worthy ideas tended to take out the patent under the names of their husband’s or father’s.

A turning point for women inventors came when women’s rights activists began to advocate for inclusion of a showcase for women within the exposition the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition.  A Centennial Women’s Executive Committee was established and a separate Women’s Pavilion was erected; women inventors with patents or pending patents were able to display their inventions.  That year more than 75 women exhibited their inventions ranging from emergency flares, model interlocking bricks, a life-preserving mattress for steam-boats, and a tool for pulverizing rocks; these were shown alongside the more traditional fare of needlework, corsets, and household items.

This month’s American Snapshots e-letter features Mothers of Invention featuring three exceptional women inventors.  You may visit the e-letter page directly or sign up for e-letter so you don’t miss future mailings: kate@americacomesalive.com

In addition, however, America Comes Alive has already featured several other important women inventors. Elsewhere on the website read about:

  • Josephine Cochran who invented the dishwasher in 1886;
  • Mary Anderson who invented the windshield wiper when she made a visit to NYC; the device became a standard item on cars after 1915.
  • Mary Phelps Jacob who invented the brassiere in 1913, replacing the far less comfortable corsets stiffened with whale bone.
  • Sarah Goode who invented an early form of a Murphy bed.   This one could fold up to be a desk during the day. (On July 14, 1885, Sarah E. Goode, became the first African-American woman to be granted a patent by the U.S. Patent And Trademark Office.)

If you know of other women inventors,  write me and I’ll track them down.



Brownie Wise (1913-1992), Marketing and Sales Expert

Brownie Wise (1913-1992), Marketing and Sales Expert

  • First woman to be featured on the cover of Business Week (1954)

Almost every American home has plastic storage containers for leftover food or homemade goodies. In some cases, the containers are Tupperware; in other cases they are products imitating this category leader that became popular in the 1950s.

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Mary Heaton Vorse (1874-1966), Journalist and Labor Activist

• Honored by the United Auto Workers (1961) as a recipient of the first UAW Social Justice Award for her work as a labor journalist in the 1920s and ‘30s

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Lydia Estes Pinkham (1819-1883), Successful Entrepreneur

Offered help and advice to women re: health issues during an era when male doctors did not take women’s health issues seriously.

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Helen Gahagan Douglas (1900-1980) Actress Turned Congressperson

  • Elected as Democratic National Committeewoman from California
  • Elected to the House of Representatives in 1944, becoming only one of nine women to serve in the House at that time.

Helen Gahagan Douglas was born in 1900 and was raised in a well-to-do family in Brooklyn, New York. She was not a serious student but loved acting, and by the age of 22 she had been cast in a lead role on Broadway. She never returned to Barnard College where she had been a student.

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Jackie Ormes (1911-1986), first African-American Female Cartoonist

Ormes’ comic strips were syndicated in black newspapers in the 1930s and ‘40s, making her the only nationally syndicated black woman cartoonist until the 1990s.

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Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964), Educator, Scholar, and Activist

  • One of the most prominent African-American scholars in the 19th and 20th centuries
  • gave voice to African-Americans, from the end of slavery to the civil rights movement
  • Only woman of any color to be quoted in the current edition of the U.S. Passport

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